TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 o. k4 w0 m6 I' Z: _* \, c7 @& d
; c2 U* S8 F4 W% h' d# b4 y3 L
People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more www1.tvboxnow.com: {. ~7 v7 X+ L# {3 u" j; N
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
5 V) r) ^0 v8 Y  k% ?5 h/ v) jdeforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
8 l" {2 Z1 N- W: e6 O: p- `4 tTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
9 ]1 s9 @$ u  S, z' @/ Z6 zastronauts and satellites on the following pages.公仔箱論壇, z  {( }" F% s- {1 ~0 U& |
9 W8 i: R# S; j4 W
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
5 S  ]* W+ h+ }- I; s0 h; zThis former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' f' k* @" V: k8 ]
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. www1.tvboxnow.com' ^0 ~' k2 s* o# w7 m6 t
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
, m1 T5 ]" O$ Q3 J& M9 v5 C3 `- Mwith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The 公仔箱論壇% Z# T  v, n% u" y: W
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
. I  P, F3 o9 P2 ~9 h+ ~公仔箱論壇Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to www1.tvboxnow.com, x3 l# x0 `9 g7 T3 x& p( Z
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete www1.tvboxnow.com# ^1 a4 U) w5 }. ?8 W. t; s
with gift shop and$2 admission fee./ u" [% d, G: l
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.公仔箱論壇, p" T4 H3 ^, @6 W  q# P2 p

" j( f5 d: S2 K, ^8 Q  H+ {公仔箱論壇+ F1 c% K& a1 s1 l4 ~

$ ]' b( w$ A4 F. T3 Q% J: Btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbEscondida Mine, Chile
( ^4 f- e3 h) r5 u$ nTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
) z# W0 E( M# a! l; T' Hwww1.tvboxnow.commore copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and ' \. F2 \6 [+ e/ |
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
+ p4 s" `; `2 Y' VThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
2 N' @4 o9 t0 \/ q- d6 m* s9 Paboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
) l( N% \4 u! v# l% ]9 nwww1.tvboxnow.com
2 x! a+ h# J' ~3 v3 Wwww1.tvboxnow.comwww1.tvboxnow.com& k8 x6 v4 m: v2 Q& L4 o

% E$ B9 v5 M. `* T# h+ E( Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvbBingham Canyon Mine, Utah
% U, g: a2 ^# E' Rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbLocated 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
* l. u& c, |# h) gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmore than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
) ~+ \- L! C5 U7 R; x公仔箱論壇miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach / D& p: p" z) z2 `; j9 j
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces : ]" }# [4 K- v+ i
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
" I0 z, f& i  J$ W! A! i) L2 {$ Afeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 z) x0 _0 u7 _6 n) H
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
# a1 e6 I- k+ N5 z9 @camera and an 800mm lens.公仔箱論壇2 b1 t) e3 y1 M- B* N4 [$ S, ~; i
, F$ j, z2 n7 L
www1.tvboxnow.com/ Z$ |/ G& B! U
/ p) W( S0 V- r  F: l( a
Yuba River Goldfields, California.
6 o) [) U" h  r$ h7 `3 I8 {# JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
( q* q1 t2 ~9 a/ f) ^公仔箱論壇dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 j* u" U  w/ ?1 i5 }
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
* j- L1 [% M' K# o$ z0 b* r7 G& vShortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
8 ?+ J% s6 v6 y* w- r+ _tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ e1 f2 P3 Y/ T3 p5 X
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with www1.tvboxnow.com  ^7 c( P3 m9 u/ ?+ L
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, z8 f/ E) ^5 O- ]4 j! |2 K% j9 `
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  K; s( C2 x: N9 O9 _. P0 z+ E7 e
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
+ k5 T( d5 I+ H公仔箱論壇gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 g0 L% Q- s5 g. e# _$ O1 T
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" N6 X- P3 ~/ ~/ k! f! f
, i& j) O1 J! h3 I1 M
5 M+ v/ W( }, {) H% }

5 ]' Z) o1 F! d7 Atvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToquepala Copper Mine, Peru4 G) }+ ]& M" @$ ]& B7 l6 D$ k+ H! ]
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. 公仔箱論壇* v. ^' e3 g$ v: M% g
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was 2 G  F  p% `  K) M9 k* A( V  Y0 p) x
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
6 v2 r" W& A6 e8 h8 S3 hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ W# _) D1 I4 |, e: v
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
/ v* M, ]# c& h$ ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' l  j8 i0 T' K, z7 X7 G
7 B- ~7 |0 B8 L% d2 I& ^
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( n) r3 B  Y( B
Freeport Mine, Indonesia
& x' O: V0 w3 Z* }3 u7 b; vThe Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
1 ^& W  N( ]8 C+ U; D) w; NMountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of , L) @* q# V6 _7 Z- P+ t
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: [# m: Y4 T0 f( Y% @( B
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.$ Z# W5 e5 `! i' q* K
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
2 a$ L- N: {# E7 [: N公仔箱論壇
  N& U: O+ y2 w9 |9 ]* F0 g公仔箱論壇
5 p* S2 f% {. k2 p公仔箱論壇
/ v9 E( i! d( iwww1.tvboxnow.comCananea Mine, Mexico
  d' m6 J2 j# O+ Y0 C4 JThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada 公仔箱論壇* Q1 e6 z0 _% u6 G3 F
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains 公仔箱論壇" l9 f! @% `7 s1 \, O7 f
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
) r& q$ x& p5 z* ?' i3 ^% XTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering - c3 {5 ?/ ^5 [, j! ^8 i2 u8 b
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% _: q& n; f6 V+ f4 j
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# m7 E  y: G( r. C
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.公仔箱論壇+ |! {, Y5 D! g. A; H+ L
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
# t1 u( z' j4 v8 @tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
9 \  u' v3 B* p% u/ i4 }  m1 Qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 z* n  L% D2 ^8 A: H

9 m+ s+ Z) z" [4 ^: F) ?# H& jwww1.tvboxnow.comPhosphate Mines, Jordan
1 d3 g# N' X1 wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPhosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
0 o4 O8 Q4 C( `percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
( ]: l/ ?. X; B+ c1 M# [! ETVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
0 T- p: J1 s: I( `point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.7 G' C1 N% J( u  i6 f5 T4 j/ S8 e: F8 {8 Z
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra : y5 q/ B4 _5 K2 s% o# y# q
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
* U% s6 D4 R3 s" Wwww1.tvboxnow.comblue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the www1.tvboxnow.com- r$ y1 X1 N6 W* `) ?' \* M
lower part of the image that appears striped.
, W) P) @4 L, i8 M8 o7 w5 [TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
) ~  C( {9 S, P# Y. E7 |公仔箱論壇公仔箱論壇2 w/ K, k/ k" n$ }7 [

8 o* a$ s* |* }+ p2 U( fTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
3 n% |: b! B2 T0 s1 H' }' L9 cTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
+ J( o8 |/ B/ ^) Pabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped , m. Q, o2 G7 S  D1 ^
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- B6 w. j+ Z# J: |
the metal was extracted.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, @; s+ N" F. ]0 U
www1.tvboxnow.com* e4 T0 e3 A8 j( K, O
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' y4 a% N5 r, O+ U# p

( v8 x: V% [+ E  j2 t1 k4 VHambach Coal Mines, Germany  ~: c% ?5 y9 p. r- X' g  P
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
- T' l: Y+ f& J8 _$ j公仔箱論壇One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ [& d( q$ I- {% I, e
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.  P7 `- s  d) k
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
: i! X* [2 l; k& c( v3 Q公仔箱論壇Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are 公仔箱論壇4 U. u/ @: ^# P/ {. Y+ n( x8 \
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.